Influence Of Slope Aspects On Woodland Ecosystem Of Duhok Dissertation

Impact Of Slope Aspects On Woodland Ecosystem Of Duhok - Dissertation Example Studies have demonstrated that position of a slant in an environment influence the nature of natural material, soil science, and supplement cycling, generally; it influences the dirt quality than even the kind of bedrock underneath the dirt (Yimer, Sting and Adelkadir 2006, p.95). Research that has been directed on impact of geographical highlights on soils in southern Italy plainly exhibit that dirts beginning from a similar parent material, with the equivalent vegetative covering and atmosphere, with the main contrast being the situation of the scene created extraordinary and fluctuated microclimatic conditions (Chen, Hsieh, Jiang, Hsieh and Sun 1997, p.230). In the northern calm climatic zone, the part of a slant was seen as an immense impact of the microclimatic states of the territory fundamentally affected by the temperature levels (Coleman, Crossley and Hendrix 2004, p.312). This is on the grounds that the measure of sun oriented that zone encounters will decide the degrees of temperature and water in the dirt, the innate attributes of the dirt will be influenced (Fu, Liu, Ma and Zhu 2004, p.48). In the Pinus laricio timberlands of southern Italy, the north-bound slant gets higher insolation and therefore, there is low dampness content that is additionally associated with the insufficient vegetative spread and insolating impacts of little vegetation (Gong, Chen, Fu and Wei 2007, p.1). Contrasts in the dirt microbial exercises offer the distinctive kind of plant species. These plant species rely upon the dirt dampness, root exercises, temperature and natural issue that arrival to the dirt through the litter that tumbles from the plants (Gong, Brueck, Giese, Zhang, Sattelmacher and Lin 2008, p.484). Studies have been done to decide the impacts of climatic conditions on the dirt and vegetation properties, anyway no investigations have been conveyed to decide the impact of perspective in the dirt and vegetation properties(Tewksbury and Lloyd 2001, p.426).

Soft Skills in the Workplace The Top 4 Skills for Successful Managers

Delicate Skills in the Workplace The Top 4 Skills for Successful Managers Ever taken a gander at your chief and thought in irritation, I could absolutely carry out that responsibility!? Dont be tricked chances are theres more to a chiefs work than meets the eye. On the off chance that youre a chief yourself or simply have your eye on the administrative prize, consider how you can create and keep up off camera delicate aptitudes that will keep you at the highest point of your game like these, from Lei Han at BeMyCareerCoach.com.1. Administration and People Management SkillsAs a chief, you need the authority and relationship building abilities that will enable you to pull in, hold, direct, spur, train, and deal with the individuals you oversee. Become more acquainted with your laborers one-on-one so you can all the more viably utilize their qualities, suit their difficulties, bolster their objectives workers know when their director has their eventual benefits on a basic level, and its an extraordinary method to spur your team.2. Correspondence SkillsYou mus t have the option to work here and there the levels of leadership in your working environment that implies figuring out how to advocate for your group to the higher-ups andâ supporting the activities that youre passing on to your representatives. Ensure everybody comprehends their jobs, and ensure you offer a responsive ear at whatever point one of your representatives should be heard.3. Compromise SkillsNothing says Im in control like being the stopping point for representative clashes. Contrary characters or contrasts of supposition on an intricate task can explode into a calamity if not oversaw from the start. Take an opportunity to survey your intercession aptitudes. On the off chance that they could go through a tune, see what projects or classes your organization may offer to assist you with improving them. You would then be able to offer instructing to representatives that causes them settle future clashes all alone, paying your new aptitudes forward and making everyones w orklife run more smoothly.4. Systems administration SkillsFor directors, the capacity to cultivate connections and put the ideal individuals in contact with each other tackles issues and creates extraordinary thoughts. Its an exhibit of judgment and liberality that underpins the entirety of your representatives across various divisions and departments.Keep as a primary concern that abilities that help are similarly as significant as aptitudes that request responsibility with regards to administrative connections; delicate abilities like these will assist you with recollecting your workers are individuals first, and laborers second.4 Soft Skills Every Manager NeedsRead More at bemycareercoach.com

Freshman Fifty-Four

Freshman Fifty-Four Two weeks of class have already flown by. Problem sets are perpetual, clubs and UROPs are underway, and the realization that I have officially begun working towards my degree has settled in. This semester, I took 54 units; Four regular courses and one half semester class to reach the credit limit. To give you a glimpse of what a week of my life looks like, here is my schedule: (NO 9 A.M. CLASSES HEHE) Every weekday, I start off with Biology. I knew I was going to take biology my first semester here under Pass/No Record because I have not taken a biology class since 9th grade and well, I figured if one class was going to be a disaster, it’d be this one. I was always heavily involved with chemistry and physics at my high school, so I was definitely the most concerned that I was going to be thrown into a class with virtually zero prior knowledge and expected to perform well. Luckily enough, I got into 7.012 through the lottery! The class is taught by Professor Lander and Professor Weinberg that make the subject easy to understand and much more interesting. Also, they both are insanely accomplished, and the stuff they have done for the field is just crazy. Look them up! I never had a true interest in biology like I do with the other sciences, but I have really enjoyed the class thus far. It also should be mentioned that it is a major plus to hear the man who discovered the first oncogene say, “The street value of NADH is 3 ATPs, when explaining biochemistry to us. Then there’s 8.02; Physics 2: Electricity and Magnetism. This is easily my favorite subject! It was always my favorite aspect of high school physics and nothing has changed here. I have Professor Tegmark who, on the first day, said hello and greetings to people in my class in probably twenty-five languages. I think the whole class was just waiting at one point for someone to say they were from a different nation to see if he knew the native tongue. It was the definitely the most linguistically satisfying moment I will most likely ever get to experience. The class is in TEAL format that focuses a lot on group problem solving. We work in groups of three, which works out perfectly since two other Interphasers, Nicole and Sarah, are in there with me. As a class, we take up all the whiteboards that surround the class and fill them up with Gauss this and Gauss that by the end of the class. Contrary to the norm, I have really enjoyed TEAL so far, but I will follow up at the end of the sem ester. Oh, by the way, I am pretty sure Professor Tegmark declared National Gauss Appreciation Day on September 13th. To not get so long winded on the rest, I will just write the highlights below: 6.0001 (Intro Comp Sci; Python): The classic day/problem set/opening up python consists of me screaming at a computer to stop messing up every time I hit the Run button. Computers and programming are like a foreign language to me as of now, so I am really working extra in this class. Also, for those who use MITX, seeing Professor Grimson in person was the equivalent of seeing Jaden Smith. 18.02 (Multivariable Calculus): The Professor brought us Redbull on the first day. 17.40 (American Foreign Policy): “Merica”, power struggles, and the historical game of RISK. For a history geek like me, this class is a great mashup between historical analysis and political science that is extremely fascinating with a very knowledgeable professor. Last but not least, there’s Squash! Picture this: The previously #1 ranked squash player in the world is coaching a group on the fundamentals of the game. The whistle blows and practice begins. An individual get hit smack in the face within a mere minute by a squash ball rebounded from the wall. That individual is me Tuesdays and Thursdays from 2-3 p.m. I will say, I love ping pong, and I am really starting to enjoy this class as well as a lot of skills and such transfer over. Besides the classes part of the day, I am starting to ease into some potential clubs, looking at intramural sports, and my UROP just got started last Tuesday! Also, I have been riding my bike on the weekends to different townships and really getting a lay of the land. Newton, Massachusetts is absolutely stunning. I am getting into a routine here already, and I am honestly extremely excited. I feel comfortable at MIT. I feel I definitely belong here. Post Tagged #6.0001 #7.012 Intro to Biology #8.02 Physics II: Electricity and Magnetism #PE #Squash

How to Write a Character Analysis

Being mindful of subtle hints, like mood changes and reactions that might provide insight into your characters personality, can help you write a character analysis. Describe the Characters Personality We get to know the characters in our stories through the things they say, feel, and do. Its not as difficult as it may seem to figure out personality traits based on a characters thoughts and behaviors: Say cheese! the exasperated photographer shouted, as she pointed her camera toward the group of squirming children. Margot displayed her broadest, most convincing fake smile as she inched ever-closer to her younger cousin. Just as the photographers finger twitched over the shutter button, Margot leaned into her young cousins side and pinched hard. The boy let out a yelp, just as the camera clicked. You can probably make some assumptions about Margot from the brief segment above. If you had to name three character traits to describe her, what would they be? Is she a nice, innocent girl? Doesnt seem like it from this passage. From the brief paragraph, we can assume that shes apparently sneaky, mean, and deceptive. Determine the Character Type of Your Protagonist You will receive clues about personality through a characters words, actions, reactions, feelings, movements, thoughts, and mannerisms. Even a characters opinions can help you learn more about the individual, and you may discover that the person fits one of these stock character types: Flat character. A flat character has one or two personality traits that dont change. The flat character can play a major or a minor role.Round character. A round character has many complex traits; those traits develop and change in a story. A round character seems more real than a flat character because real people are complex.Stock or stereotype character. Stock characters are stereotypes, such as hot-tempered redheads, stingy businessmen, and absent-minded professors. They are often found in genre fiction (romance novels and mysteries, for example), and are usually flat characters. They are often used as a tool to move a plot forward.Static character. A static character never changes. A loud, obnoxious background character who remains the same throughout the story is static. A boring character who is never changed by events is also static.Dynamic character. Unlike a static character, a dynamic character does change and grow as the story unfolds. Dynamic characters respond to events and experience changes in attitude or outlook. The character might go through a transformation during the course of the storyline, and grow as a result of actions that took place. Define Your Characters Role in the Work Youre Analyzing When you write a character analysis, you must define that characters role. Identifying the character type and personality traits can help you better understand what the larger role of the character is within the story.  The character either plays a major role, as a central element to the story, or a minor role to support the major characters in the story. Protagonist. The protagonist of a story is another name for the main character. The plot revolves around the protagonist. There may even be more than one main character. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck Finn is the protagonist.In Little Red Riding Hood, the little girl is the protagonist. Antagonist. The antagonist is the character who represents a challenge or an obstacle to the protagonist in a story. In some stories, the antagonist is not a person but rather a larger entity or force that must be dealt with. In Little Red Riding Hood, the wolf is the antagonist.In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, society is the antagonist. Society, with its unfair laws and rules, represents the obstacle to Hucks development as a person. Foil. A foil is a character who provides contrast to the main character (protagonist), in order to emphasize the main characters traits. In A Christmas Carol, the kind nephew, Fred, is the foil to nasty Ebenezer Scrooge. Show Your Characters Development (Growth and Change) When you are asked to write a character analysis, you will be expected to explain how a character changes and grows. Most major characters go through some kind of significant growth  as a story unfolds, often a direct result of dealing with some sort of conflict. Notice, as you read, which main characters grow stronger, fall apart, develop new relationships, or discover new aspects of themselves. Make note of scenes in which character changes become apparent or the characters opinions on a topic change. Clues include phrases such as she suddenly realized that... or for the first time, he... Understanding the journey of your character and how it relates to the story as a whole can help you better understand that characters motives and better represent the person in your overall analysis. Article edited  by  Stacy Jagodowski

Elie Wiesels The Perils Of Indifference - 721 Words

Elie Wiesel was a prisoner in the concentration camps of Auschwitz and in Buchenwald as a young boy (â€Å"Wiesel, Elie†). He lost his father, mother, and sister during his time as a prisoner (â€Å"Wiesel, Elie†). In 1945, Wiesel was finally liberated from Buchenwald were he had witnessed pain and despair (Wiesel). Elie Wiesel had a speech called â€Å"The Perils of Indifference†. During the speech, Wiesel is able to influence the audience on his views of indifference. Elie show how indifference has a major role in the past, present, and future of the nation. Elie Wiesel was able to show how indifference affected the past by talking about his experience of being a prisoner in a concentration camp as a young boy. Wiesel uses pathos when he talks about†¦show more content†¦Examples like those are the reason that Wiesel questioned if society had learned from the past (Wiesel). It sounds like Wiesel had hoped that what had happened to him was not going to happen to anyone else. If society was changing, then maybe there was hope for the future generations. Elie Wiesel poses the question, â€Å"What about the children?† That question alone should have gotten the audience to start thinking about the future generations. Hearing that question would have played on peoples’ pathos and ethos. People do not tend to want children or future generations, to face the same tragic events that they had to. During all of the events that Wiesel brought up, children were always involved inadvertently. It seemed as though he was trying to say that a lot of children are unnecessarily suffering. He says that â€Å"when adults wage war, children perish†. Adults do not always think of the consequences of the acts they commit. War can cause people to lose family members or even everything. That quote would have people pondering on their ethos and pathos, the topic of children tends to. Wiesel goes on to say that so many of the children c ould be saved. If people have learned from the past, then there should be less tragedy for future generations to endure. People do not usually want to see children suffer a tragedy of any sort. Elie says that the young boy that he used to be will always be with him, as if to say he will never forget what he has been through, even asShow MoreRelatedElie Wiesels Perils of Indifference698 Words   |  3 PagesD.C., Elie Wiesel gave a speech during the Millennium Lecture Series that took place in the East Room of the White House. The speech was given in front of Mr. Bill and Mrs. Hillary Clinton, Ambassador Richard Holbrooke, and other officials. Elie Wiesel is an author most noted for his novel Night, a Nobel Peace Prize recipient, and political activist. In the speech he spoke on his view of indifference and explained how it was negatively affecting humanity and the nation as a whole. The Perils of IndifferenceRead MoreElie Wiesels Speech : The Perils Of Indifference1340 Words   |à ‚  6 PagesA wise, Ethiopian Ruler by the name of Haile Selassie once said that â€Å"throughout history, it has been the inaction of those who could have acted; the indifference of those who should have known better; the silence of the voice of justice when it mattered most; that has made it possible for evil to triumph† Throughout millennia, despite many differences in language, cultural, and social structures, humans all developed the same characteristics like, for one; their approach in tragedies happening aroundRead More##torical Analysis Of Elie Wiesels The Perils Of Indifference1053 Words   |  5 PagesThe author, Elie Wiesel in his powerful speech, The Perils of Indifference, claims that Indifference has so much violence and danger. He shows how there is so much Indifference in the world. Wiesel develops his message through the use of allusion on his speech. Specifically, In paragraph 9, he states, â€Å"the most tragic of all prisoners were the â€Å"Muselmann,â⠂¬  as they were called.. They no longer felt pain, hunger, thirst†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Wiesel is trying to describe the pain that he has been through and if peopleRead More##hetorical Analysis Of Elie Wiesels The Perils Of Indifference746 Words   |  3 Pagesto the indifference that causes suffering. In, â€Å"The Perils of Indifference,† by the Jewish Holocaust survivor, Elie Wiesel, indifference is spoken upon which denotatively means â€Å"lack of interest, concern, or sympathy.† Being a Holocaust survivor, Elie Wiesel, claims that indifference is â€Å"dangerous† and in fact â€Å"more dangerous than anger and hatred.† Furthermore, the author describes that many would prefer an â€Å"unjust God than an indifferent one.† Why? Because to be the victim of indifference is toRead MoreEssay about Elie Wiesel’s â€Å"The Perils of Indifference† Speech1155 Words   |  5 PagesElie Wiesel’s â€Å"The Perils of Indifference† S peech Elie Wiesel, a Noble Peace Prize winner and Boston University Professor, presented a speech as part of the Millennium Lecture Series at the White House on April 12, 1999. President Bill Clinton and his wife Hillary Clinton hosted the formal lecture series. Numerous dignitaries from a wide array of public, private and foreign office attended the event. Although Elie Wiesel designed his speech to persuade, it actually fell somewhat outside the deliberativeRead MoreHolocaust Survivor, Elie Wiesels Strategies in The Perils of Indifference516 Words   |  2 Pages Elie Wiesel—a Holocaust survivor and award-winning human rights activist—passionately gave his speech, â€Å"The Perils of Indifference,† while in the White House on April 12, 1999. The speech was part of the Millennium Lecture series, which was hosted by President Bill Clinton and his wife. Mrs. Hilary Clinton introduced Elie as well, saying: It was more than a year ago that I asked Elie if he would be willing to participate in these Millennium Lectures...I never could have imagined that when the timeRead MoreRhetoric And The Perils Of Indifference By Elie Wiesel1069 Words   |  5 PagesObserved in The Perils of Indifference Elie Wiesel, distinguished author and Holocaust survivor, spoke of his experience at the Millennium event in 1999. This event was hosted by President Clinton where Wiesel spoke about his experience in the Holocaust to commemorate the closing Millennium. Aside from this great honor, Elie Wiesel worked at Boston University for some time and acquired many medals of recognition such as The United States Congressional Medal as well as starting The Elie Wiesel FoundationRead MoreWiesel s Experience Of Injustice During The Holocaust984 Words   |  4 PagesAmong the few hundred survivors was Elie Wiesel. Wiesel was only fifteen years old when him and his family were deported to a concentration camp. His mother, father and younger sister were all killed within the camp, but Wiesel and his two older sisters were able to survive. After his traumatizing experience, Wiesel stood up for others who were being oppressed. Elie Wiesel fought injustices world-wide through his actions and inspiring m essages. Soon after Elie Wiesel was awarded the Nobel Peace PrizeRead MoreElie Wiesel: A Holocaust Survivor723 Words   |  3 Pagesbelieves he has a moral obligation to try to prevent the enemy from enjoying one last victory by allowing his crimes to be erased from human memory† (Wiesel, Night viii). As a result of the horrors that Elie Wiesel experienced during the Holocaust, he devoted his life to become meaningful. Wiesel’s decent disposition changes through atrociously inhumane conduct toward Jews during the Holocaust as he becomes a brute to solidify identity, levy fears, and boost morale. Before his arrival in AuschwitzRead MoreThe Perils Of Indifference By Elie Wiesel963 Words   |  4 Pagesthe White House and the 54th year after Franklin Roosevelt’s death. Years after personally experiencing the horrors of the Holocaust and World War II, Elie Wiesel shared his story with America among the President and First-lady, Hillary Clinton, to inspire the world to act upon social and political injustices. In his speech â€Å"The Perils of Indifference†, Wiesel opened up about his past and how it made him realize how important it is to stand up against crimes against humanity. He also discussed the

Nelson Glueck Free Essays

string(121) " consisting of three roughly square units at the northern end and three larger rectangular rooms extending to the south\." Nelson Glueck was born on June 4, 1900 in Cincinnati, Ohio. During the 70 years of his life he was a well-known Rabbi and archaeologist until his death on February 12, 1971. At the age of 23, he was ordained as a Reform rabbi by the Hebrew Union College and four years later was awarded his Ph. We will write a custom essay sample on Nelson Glueck or any similar topic only for you Order Now D. at Jena, Germany, for his dissertation on the biblical concept of hesed (the Hebrew term for goodness or divine kindness). Until World War II Gluek worked with William Foxwell Albright at the American School of Oriental Research in Jerusalem (ASOR,) and Albright’s excavation of Tell Beit Mirsim. Glueck himself served as director of ASOR, as well as having a faculty position at HUC in Jerusalem. After graduating from Cincinnati Public Schools, he atteneded the University of Cincinnati where he received his bachelor’s degree. Glueck went home in 1931 and married Helen Ransohof Iglauer, a medical student at the University of Cincinnati who was a professor of medicine. Their only son Dr. Charles Jonathan Glueck was a noted physician as well. Glueck continued his studies in Germany for four years and received his doctorate degree from the University of Jena in 1926. For the next two years (1927-28) he would continue his studies at the School in Jerusalem. While studying in Palestine he became interested in archaeology, returning twice (1930 and 1932) to take part in an excavation of Tell Beit Mirsim, probably Biblical Debir (Kirjath-Sepher). â€Å"During World War II Glueck served in the Office of Strategic Services (the precursor of the CIA), examining possible escape routes for the allies through the desert, in anticipation of the German army under General Rommel, reaching Palestine. Fortunately, Rommel’s advance was halted by the Allies in Egypt.† He created the HUC Biblical and Archaeological School in Jerusalem in 1963, the same year that he appeared on the cover of Time magazine. The institute was renamed in 1972 to the Nelson Glueck School of Biblical Archaeology. Glueck after the war became president of the Hebrew Union College, and then president of the combined HUC-Jewish Institute of Religion, a position he held until his death in 1971. This is the same colledge that ordained him as a Rabbi. As president Glueck oversaw the merger of HUC with the Jewish Institute of Religion, expanding the institution based out of Cincinnati to now include schools in New York, Los Angeles, and Jerusalem. He played a vital role in the creation of the Schools of Jewish Communal Service and was the founder of the School of Biblical and Archaeological Studies in Jerusalem, in honor of him they now bears his name. Excavation Sites and Methods of Excavation The Bible was his map for excavations and, in turn, the excavations shed a bit of light on the Bible. Sheldon H. Blank and H. Ginsberg note, â€Å"A scientist he was, yet a fragment of a wall or a potsherd could evoke an emotional as well as an intellectual response. He had a love affair with the Land (the â€Å"heartland†), he uncovered not the history but the drama of people.† â€Å"This makes sense seeing Glueck’s service as a rabbi and studies of the Old Testament. Glueck excavated several sites in 1950 he excavated the remains of the civilization of the Nabataeans in Transjordan, this was a copper-mining industry that was located at the shore of the Red Sea. This showed how the Negev could support a such a large population due to the use of irrigation techniques using the Red Sea. Therefore what Glueck says about Negev is, â€Å"The length and width of the Negev were interconnected with roads marked by fortresses, villages, way stations and watertight cisterns.† The erecting of fortresses over the Negev served as an excellent source of protection and saw villages flourish, and agriculture grows, and watertight cisterns surrounded the Negev which made possible the emergence of villages and flocks in areas where they would otherwise not be present. Glueck also spent a lot of time working to define a history for the Negev and wrote: â€Å"The Archaeological History of the Negev† based on his findings. Glueck notes that there were a series of civilizations there and that the Negev is positioned between Canaan, Arabia, and Egypt which made it a strategic location. He indicates that the different civilizations experienced no significant changes in the climate and that no climatic changes have occurred within the last ten thousand years at least. Chalcolithic pottery has been located in the Negev which indicates that a civilization existed there during that period. After this civilization disappeared, the land was unused for almost a thousand years until the Middle Bronze I period (between 21st and 19th centuries BC). â€Å"This civilization was agricultural as evidenced by â€Å"beehive† stone houses that are located on slopes of hills located above land useable for farming.† â€Å"Cup holes† carved in limestone were found that indicate they were used for grinding grain and this evidence has been placed in MB I by the stories of Abraham in the Old Testament. Glueck Excavations Archaeology discovered by Glueck indicates a range of civilizations such as the Nabateans who left a substantial amount of pottery behind. Nabateans were known for their worship of multiple deities and are traditionally identified as being pagan which makes the discovery of Khierbet Et-Tannur (a temple) significant. Glueck notes that while the entire site had not been excavated at the time of his writing, â€Å"A whole pantheon of hitherto unknown Nabataean deities was found in the temple that had become their grave.† This temple sits on top of a hill with evidence of staircases leading up steep areas and leading Glueck to believe that goddesses were honored at the peak of this hill and those like it. In 1938 Glueck also did an excavation on the northern third, during the excavation of the site he found a location of forty-five rooms. â€Å"The mound’s most impressive structure was uncovered in the northwest corner of the excavated area, a building complex consisting of three roughly square units at the northern end and three larger rectangular rooms extending to the south. You read "Nelson Glueck" in category "Papers" † The latter are 7.40 m in length and of varying widths (2.00-3.00 m). The building measures 13.20 m in length (north-south) and is 12.30 m wide on the north side and 13.20 m wide on the south side. The exterior walls are 1.20 m wide; interior walls vary between 0.95 and 1.05 m. The walls were preserved to a height of 2.70 m. The building is almost entirely of mudbrick construction. Its bricks measure ca. 0.40 x 0.20 x 0.10 m and were laid in a roughly â€Å"header and stretcher† fashion. They found 2 horizontal rows of wooden beams that could be consider as construction to strengthening the walls. they had semicircular holes which proved this was a result of the fire and it also confirm the construction and used of wooden beams as written in I Kings. This way of construction with support beams is referenced in I Kings 6:36 which reads, â€Å"He (Solomon) built the inner court with three courses of hewn stone and one course of cedar beams.† Wooden beams, halved in the case of Tell el-Kheleifeh, were embedded across the widths of the walls, creating a stronger bond. The semicircular holes were all that remained after the timbers were consumed in a destruction by fire. These features were also discovered elsewhere in the site’s architecture, notably in Room 49. Eight installations, interpreted as hearths or ovens, were found in this casemate unit. Slag was also found at this site which Glueck believes indicates that Tell el-Kheleifeh was used to remelt globules of copper ore retrieved through metallurgical processes in the Wadi Arabah smelting sites to shape them into easily salable ingots or pour the molten metal into molds. â€Å"Ezion-Geber was also a marketplace from Arabia to Palestine. Support for this fact came when pottery was found that had horn handles and mat bases which is associated with the Calebites, Kenites, Rechabites, Yerahmeelites, dated to Iron Age I-II. † Furthermore, the building was identified as a stone house granary and had the means of smelting and fire damage present further supporting the results of the fire. Glueck notes, â€Å"The strong winds which constantly blow from the north in the Arabah furnished the draft necessary for the proper functioning of the furnaces.† A fortified outer wall protected the building, and while Ezion-Geber I was probably destroyed by Shishak, it was rebuilt with a gateway reminiscent of Jehosophat of Judah (871-849 BC). Glueck also led important excavations in Ezion-Geber where it is believed that Solomon’s naval base was located. Excavations began in March 1998, and it took three months to uncover one-third of the site. Pottery was discovered at this site along with other findings but its important to note is that the pottery varied. A piece of Edomite pottery was discovered carrying the name â€Å"QoS† which could reference a kind of a god. This indicates that this area had been occupied over a long period of time. An article published in The Biblical Archaeologist in 1965 entitled â€Å"Ezion-Geber† finds Glueck arguing that Tell el- Kheleifeh is Ezion-Geber. In this article he indicates that Tell el-Kheleifeh is represented by a low small mound that â€Å"is located approximately in the center of the north shore of the Gulf of Aqabah, midway between Jordanian Aqabah at its east end and Israeli Eilat at its west end.† Today, it sits five hundred yards from the shore and is estimated to have been at least three hundred yards away many millennia ago during its first occupation in 10th century BC. The location appear to be consistent with the Bibles description in I Kings 9:26 of â€Å"beside Eloth, on the shore of the Red Sea, in the land of Edom.† Glueck further state that, â€Å"The conviction that there has been comparatively little change in the northern shoreline derives partly from our discovery of a copper smelting site on a low shoreline foothill at Mrashrash, now incorporated into Eilat, immediately overlooking the northwest end of the Gulf of Aqabah.† And that the explorations in Eastern Palestine began to appear in 1933, opening new views on the movement of peoples in the Transjordan area in antiquity. Landmarks in his archaeological odyssey were King Solomon’s port city Ezion-Geber and his copper mines; the unexpectedly numerous settlements in the Negev; Khirbet Tannur and the civilization of the Nabataeans; the systematic excavation of Tell Gezer. Glueck excavated area at the end of the 1940 season was ca. 80 m north-south, by 72 m east-west. The corner of a nearby garden wall was chosen for the site benchmark, established at 3.99 m over the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba. The highest point of the tell was southeast of its center (Square N:17) at +2.84 m, corresponding to the absolute height above sea level of +6.83 m. The deepest excavated level, reportedly to virgin soil, was in Room 113 ( 1.53 m) below benchmark level. The difference in height between the deepest wall foundation of the western casemate perimeter and the top of the preserved walls was 4.37 m. Although, Tell el-Kheleifeh is not considered a conspicuous site today. Its appearance is very familiar to that of the many surrounding hillocks. A surface survey in August 1980 revealed that, the area of extant architecture is little more than 12 square meters and a few mudbrick walls have been preserved to a height of 1.5 m. â€Å"The fragmentary remains could not be located on the plans prepared by Glueck’s architect J. Pinkerfeld. It is likely that the existing walls represent an architectural assortment from the various periods of occupation. † They appear to be located south-southeast of the site’s largest structure. The excavator’s northern, eastern, and western dumps provided the reference points for location. Although there are no visible remains of the most distinctive architectural elements, a wall in the northern section of preserved architecture, with two horizontal rows of apertures, were interpreted initially as flues. Glueck’s excavation area is where the mound has been disturbed at several points by modern military installations, most notably an observation tower toward the southern end of Its foundations appear to have cut undisturbed levels to a depth of 1.5 m. Several trenches have also been cut into the northern and western sections of the site, and these disturbances produced an abundance of finds, including a stamped Rhodian jar handle and a bronze trefoil arrowhead. The material remains gleaned from this survey provide a valuable complement to the 1938-40 assemblage. Discoveries Biblical scholars have debated for years whether or not the Edomites ever had a true kingdom, or was a mining industry. In the 1930s, Nelson Glueck made a claim to have found King Solomon’s mines, citing, among other things, evidence of mining trails, as well as slag mounds. However, Glueck’s claim was largely dismissed after British excavations in the 1970s and 80s seemed to show that extensive mining didn’t come to the area until hundreds of years after Solomon’s rule. A consensus emerged that the Bible was heavily edited in the 5th century BCE, long after the events, while British excavations of the Edomite highlands in the 1970s-80s suggested the Iron Age had not even come to Edom until the 7th century BCE. Levy, Director of the Levantine Archaeology Lab at UCSD and associate director of the new Center of Interdisciplinary Science for Art, Architecture, and Archaeology (CISA3), inferred that data from the first large-scale stratified and systematic excavation of a site in the southern Levant ,gave evidence that complex societies were indeed active in 10th and 9th centuries BCE. Which brings us back to the debate about the historicity of the Hebrew Bible narratives related to this period. Glueck discoveries in Faynan/Edom got laughed at, but this recent discovery has vindicated him. Biblical Impact Glueck believed that the Hebrew Bible contains historical memory, but one that cannot be proven. He felt that the spirit of the Israelites was still alive in modern Israel, instilling that belief in both his students and his colleagues. Today, our research paradigms may differ from those of Glueck’s day, but his enthusiasm and scholarly integrity remain with us always. The range of Glueck’s excavations speaks volume and will echo through the sands of time. He have certainly paved the way for Biblical archaeology to memmic and gave believers more resources to study outside of the Bible. Archaeology cannot be used to prove a Biblical account, however, it definitely can be used to assert the existence of a certain nation at the same time in history. Through Glueck work and the excavations performed by him, believers now have the abilty to research further and take a deep dive into a rich history. Conclusion Glueck work not only laid a strong foundation but it also paved the way in a since to how archaeology is an understatement, providing believers with a broader knowledge and understanding. Through human beings like Nelson Glueck, archaeology has emerged and will continue to grow in a positive way. The works of Glueck continue to ring true and set a precedent for research that every area on the face of the earth, be it outwardly ever so waste and empty, has a story behind it which the inquisitive sooner or later will attempt to obtain. Well put statement by Glueck himself in the relationship of the Bible to archaeology. He writes: â€Å"As a matter of fact, however, it may be stated categorically that no archaeological discovery has ever controverted a biblical reference. Scores of archaeological findings have been made which confirm to clear outline or in exact detail historical statements in the Bible.And by the same token, proper eval- uations of the biblical descriptions has often led to amazing discoveries. They form tesserae in the vast mosaic of the Bible’s almost incredible correct historical memory.† Glueck put his conviction into practice when he sought to locate King Solomons’s long-lost port city of Ezion-Geber. The memory of its location had been in Glueck words â€Å"snuffed out.† like the flame of a gutted candle.† Glueck began by consulting 1 Kings of the Bible that documented this site. The biblical statement said it was located beside Eloth, on the shore of the Red Sea in the land of Edom (1 Kings 9:26;10:22). The Bible served him as a guidebook in his explorations, and his explorations shed light on the Bible. An example we can all learn from. Not that he believed archaeology could or even should lend support to the supreme spiritual values and ethical norms which are native to the Bible. These have their own manifest value. Glueck patience and persistence in his work makes his discoveries and works worth remembering. His dedication and the contribution he has made to the field of archaeology is a valued resource for believer and future archaeologist. The Bible is the inspired and accurate Word of God and God often confirm His Word through mankind. Therefore, we should compare the Scriptural records against the archeological discoveries uncovered at these sites where many of these thrilling events of the Bible actually occurred. The results of these detailed investigations are available for all to examine. Bibliography The Nelson Glueck School of Archaeology, â€Å"Our founder: Nelson Glueck (1900-1971)†, The Nelson Glueck School of Biblical Archaeology (2010), (accessed October 8, 2018). Albright, William F. â€Å"Nelson Glueck in Memoriam.† Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. 202 (1971): 2-1. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1356266. (accessed October 8, 2018). Glueck, Nelson. 1961. â€Å"The archaeological history of the Negev.† Hebrew Union College Annual 32, 11-18. ATLASerials, Religion Collection, EBSCOhost (accessed October 8, 2018) Ezion-Geber Nelson Glueck Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh 1965 AD, http://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber- nelson-gluecks-tell-el-kheleifeh-1965ad.htm (accessed October 8, 2018). Solomon’s Fortress at Elat, Aqaba: Tell El-kheleifeh and Jezirit, http://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-ezion-geber-elat-aq (accessed October 8, 2018). Pratico, Gary D. â€Å"Nelson Glueck’s 1938-1940 Excavations at Tell El-Kheleifeh: A Reappraisal.† Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. 259 (1985): 1-32. doi:10.2307/1356795. (accessed October 8, 2018). Nelson Glueck’s 1938-1940 Excavations At Tell El-kheleifeh .., http://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber- Nelson-gluecks-1938-1940-excavations-tell-el-kheleifeh-reappraisal-gary-pratico (accessed October 8, 2018). Uncovering The Secrets Of Kahn, Da Vinci And Solomon’s .., http://www.voiceofsandiego.org/topics/science-environment/uncovering-the-secrets (accessed October 8, 2018). King Solomon’s (copper) Mines? – University Of California .., http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/archive/newsrel/soc/10-22KingSolomon.asp (accessed October 8, 2018). Nelson Glueck, Rivers in the Desert. Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, New York, Grove Press, 1960, p. 31 Price, J. Randall. The Stones Cry Out: What Archaeology Reveals About the Truth of the Bible. Eugene, Oreg.: Harvest House, 1997. How to cite Nelson Glueck, Papers

Nelson Glueck Free Essays

string(121) " consisting of three roughly square units at the northern end and three larger rectangular rooms extending to the south\." Nelson Glueck was born on June 4, 1900 in Cincinnati, Ohio. During the 70 years of his life he was a well-known Rabbi and archaeologist until his death on February 12, 1971. At the age of 23, he was ordained as a Reform rabbi by the Hebrew Union College and four years later was awarded his Ph. We will write a custom essay sample on Nelson Glueck or any similar topic only for you Order Now D. at Jena, Germany, for his dissertation on the biblical concept of hesed (the Hebrew term for goodness or divine kindness). Until World War II Gluek worked with William Foxwell Albright at the American School of Oriental Research in Jerusalem (ASOR,) and Albright’s excavation of Tell Beit Mirsim. Glueck himself served as director of ASOR, as well as having a faculty position at HUC in Jerusalem. After graduating from Cincinnati Public Schools, he atteneded the University of Cincinnati where he received his bachelor’s degree. Glueck went home in 1931 and married Helen Ransohof Iglauer, a medical student at the University of Cincinnati who was a professor of medicine. Their only son Dr. Charles Jonathan Glueck was a noted physician as well. Glueck continued his studies in Germany for four years and received his doctorate degree from the University of Jena in 1926. For the next two years (1927-28) he would continue his studies at the School in Jerusalem. While studying in Palestine he became interested in archaeology, returning twice (1930 and 1932) to take part in an excavation of Tell Beit Mirsim, probably Biblical Debir (Kirjath-Sepher). â€Å"During World War II Glueck served in the Office of Strategic Services (the precursor of the CIA), examining possible escape routes for the allies through the desert, in anticipation of the German army under General Rommel, reaching Palestine. Fortunately, Rommel’s advance was halted by the Allies in Egypt.† He created the HUC Biblical and Archaeological School in Jerusalem in 1963, the same year that he appeared on the cover of Time magazine. The institute was renamed in 1972 to the Nelson Glueck School of Biblical Archaeology. Glueck after the war became president of the Hebrew Union College, and then president of the combined HUC-Jewish Institute of Religion, a position he held until his death in 1971. This is the same colledge that ordained him as a Rabbi. As president Glueck oversaw the merger of HUC with the Jewish Institute of Religion, expanding the institution based out of Cincinnati to now include schools in New York, Los Angeles, and Jerusalem. He played a vital role in the creation of the Schools of Jewish Communal Service and was the founder of the School of Biblical and Archaeological Studies in Jerusalem, in honor of him they now bears his name. Excavation Sites and Methods of Excavation The Bible was his map for excavations and, in turn, the excavations shed a bit of light on the Bible. Sheldon H. Blank and H. Ginsberg note, â€Å"A scientist he was, yet a fragment of a wall or a potsherd could evoke an emotional as well as an intellectual response. He had a love affair with the Land (the â€Å"heartland†), he uncovered not the history but the drama of people.† â€Å"This makes sense seeing Glueck’s service as a rabbi and studies of the Old Testament. Glueck excavated several sites in 1950 he excavated the remains of the civilization of the Nabataeans in Transjordan, this was a copper-mining industry that was located at the shore of the Red Sea. This showed how the Negev could support a such a large population due to the use of irrigation techniques using the Red Sea. Therefore what Glueck says about Negev is, â€Å"The length and width of the Negev were interconnected with roads marked by fortresses, villages, way stations and watertight cisterns.† The erecting of fortresses over the Negev served as an excellent source of protection and saw villages flourish, and agriculture grows, and watertight cisterns surrounded the Negev which made possible the emergence of villages and flocks in areas where they would otherwise not be present. Glueck also spent a lot of time working to define a history for the Negev and wrote: â€Å"The Archaeological History of the Negev† based on his findings. Glueck notes that there were a series of civilizations there and that the Negev is positioned between Canaan, Arabia, and Egypt which made it a strategic location. He indicates that the different civilizations experienced no significant changes in the climate and that no climatic changes have occurred within the last ten thousand years at least. Chalcolithic pottery has been located in the Negev which indicates that a civilization existed there during that period. After this civilization disappeared, the land was unused for almost a thousand years until the Middle Bronze I period (between 21st and 19th centuries BC). â€Å"This civilization was agricultural as evidenced by â€Å"beehive† stone houses that are located on slopes of hills located above land useable for farming.† â€Å"Cup holes† carved in limestone were found that indicate they were used for grinding grain and this evidence has been placed in MB I by the stories of Abraham in the Old Testament. Glueck Excavations Archaeology discovered by Glueck indicates a range of civilizations such as the Nabateans who left a substantial amount of pottery behind. Nabateans were known for their worship of multiple deities and are traditionally identified as being pagan which makes the discovery of Khierbet Et-Tannur (a temple) significant. Glueck notes that while the entire site had not been excavated at the time of his writing, â€Å"A whole pantheon of hitherto unknown Nabataean deities was found in the temple that had become their grave.† This temple sits on top of a hill with evidence of staircases leading up steep areas and leading Glueck to believe that goddesses were honored at the peak of this hill and those like it. In 1938 Glueck also did an excavation on the northern third, during the excavation of the site he found a location of forty-five rooms. â€Å"The mound’s most impressive structure was uncovered in the northwest corner of the excavated area, a building complex consisting of three roughly square units at the northern end and three larger rectangular rooms extending to the south. You read "Nelson Glueck" in category "Papers" † The latter are 7.40 m in length and of varying widths (2.00-3.00 m). The building measures 13.20 m in length (north-south) and is 12.30 m wide on the north side and 13.20 m wide on the south side. The exterior walls are 1.20 m wide; interior walls vary between 0.95 and 1.05 m. The walls were preserved to a height of 2.70 m. The building is almost entirely of mudbrick construction. Its bricks measure ca. 0.40 x 0.20 x 0.10 m and were laid in a roughly â€Å"header and stretcher† fashion. They found 2 horizontal rows of wooden beams that could be consider as construction to strengthening the walls. they had semicircular holes which proved this was a result of the fire and it also confirm the construction and used of wooden beams as written in I Kings. This way of construction with support beams is referenced in I Kings 6:36 which reads, â€Å"He (Solomon) built the inner court with three courses of hewn stone and one course of cedar beams.† Wooden beams, halved in the case of Tell el-Kheleifeh, were embedded across the widths of the walls, creating a stronger bond. The semicircular holes were all that remained after the timbers were consumed in a destruction by fire. These features were also discovered elsewhere in the site’s architecture, notably in Room 49. Eight installations, interpreted as hearths or ovens, were found in this casemate unit. Slag was also found at this site which Glueck believes indicates that Tell el-Kheleifeh was used to remelt globules of copper ore retrieved through metallurgical processes in the Wadi Arabah smelting sites to shape them into easily salable ingots or pour the molten metal into molds. â€Å"Ezion-Geber was also a marketplace from Arabia to Palestine. Support for this fact came when pottery was found that had horn handles and mat bases which is associated with the Calebites, Kenites, Rechabites, Yerahmeelites, dated to Iron Age I-II. † Furthermore, the building was identified as a stone house granary and had the means of smelting and fire damage present further supporting the results of the fire. Glueck notes, â€Å"The strong winds which constantly blow from the north in the Arabah furnished the draft necessary for the proper functioning of the furnaces.† A fortified outer wall protected the building, and while Ezion-Geber I was probably destroyed by Shishak, it was rebuilt with a gateway reminiscent of Jehosophat of Judah (871-849 BC). Glueck also led important excavations in Ezion-Geber where it is believed that Solomon’s naval base was located. Excavations began in March 1998, and it took three months to uncover one-third of the site. Pottery was discovered at this site along with other findings but its important to note is that the pottery varied. A piece of Edomite pottery was discovered carrying the name â€Å"QoS† which could reference a kind of a god. This indicates that this area had been occupied over a long period of time. An article published in The Biblical Archaeologist in 1965 entitled â€Å"Ezion-Geber† finds Glueck arguing that Tell el- Kheleifeh is Ezion-Geber. In this article he indicates that Tell el-Kheleifeh is represented by a low small mound that â€Å"is located approximately in the center of the north shore of the Gulf of Aqabah, midway between Jordanian Aqabah at its east end and Israeli Eilat at its west end.† Today, it sits five hundred yards from the shore and is estimated to have been at least three hundred yards away many millennia ago during its first occupation in 10th century BC. The location appear to be consistent with the Bibles description in I Kings 9:26 of â€Å"beside Eloth, on the shore of the Red Sea, in the land of Edom.† Glueck further state that, â€Å"The conviction that there has been comparatively little change in the northern shoreline derives partly from our discovery of a copper smelting site on a low shoreline foothill at Mrashrash, now incorporated into Eilat, immediately overlooking the northwest end of the Gulf of Aqabah.† And that the explorations in Eastern Palestine began to appear in 1933, opening new views on the movement of peoples in the Transjordan area in antiquity. Landmarks in his archaeological odyssey were King Solomon’s port city Ezion-Geber and his copper mines; the unexpectedly numerous settlements in the Negev; Khirbet Tannur and the civilization of the Nabataeans; the systematic excavation of Tell Gezer. Glueck excavated area at the end of the 1940 season was ca. 80 m north-south, by 72 m east-west. The corner of a nearby garden wall was chosen for the site benchmark, established at 3.99 m over the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba. The highest point of the tell was southeast of its center (Square N:17) at +2.84 m, corresponding to the absolute height above sea level of +6.83 m. The deepest excavated level, reportedly to virgin soil, was in Room 113 ( 1.53 m) below benchmark level. The difference in height between the deepest wall foundation of the western casemate perimeter and the top of the preserved walls was 4.37 m. Although, Tell el-Kheleifeh is not considered a conspicuous site today. Its appearance is very familiar to that of the many surrounding hillocks. A surface survey in August 1980 revealed that, the area of extant architecture is little more than 12 square meters and a few mudbrick walls have been preserved to a height of 1.5 m. â€Å"The fragmentary remains could not be located on the plans prepared by Glueck’s architect J. Pinkerfeld. It is likely that the existing walls represent an architectural assortment from the various periods of occupation. † They appear to be located south-southeast of the site’s largest structure. The excavator’s northern, eastern, and western dumps provided the reference points for location. Although there are no visible remains of the most distinctive architectural elements, a wall in the northern section of preserved architecture, with two horizontal rows of apertures, were interpreted initially as flues. Glueck’s excavation area is where the mound has been disturbed at several points by modern military installations, most notably an observation tower toward the southern end of Its foundations appear to have cut undisturbed levels to a depth of 1.5 m. Several trenches have also been cut into the northern and western sections of the site, and these disturbances produced an abundance of finds, including a stamped Rhodian jar handle and a bronze trefoil arrowhead. The material remains gleaned from this survey provide a valuable complement to the 1938-40 assemblage. Discoveries Biblical scholars have debated for years whether or not the Edomites ever had a true kingdom, or was a mining industry. In the 1930s, Nelson Glueck made a claim to have found King Solomon’s mines, citing, among other things, evidence of mining trails, as well as slag mounds. However, Glueck’s claim was largely dismissed after British excavations in the 1970s and 80s seemed to show that extensive mining didn’t come to the area until hundreds of years after Solomon’s rule. A consensus emerged that the Bible was heavily edited in the 5th century BCE, long after the events, while British excavations of the Edomite highlands in the 1970s-80s suggested the Iron Age had not even come to Edom until the 7th century BCE. Levy, Director of the Levantine Archaeology Lab at UCSD and associate director of the new Center of Interdisciplinary Science for Art, Architecture, and Archaeology (CISA3), inferred that data from the first large-scale stratified and systematic excavation of a site in the southern Levant ,gave evidence that complex societies were indeed active in 10th and 9th centuries BCE. Which brings us back to the debate about the historicity of the Hebrew Bible narratives related to this period. Glueck discoveries in Faynan/Edom got laughed at, but this recent discovery has vindicated him. Biblical Impact Glueck believed that the Hebrew Bible contains historical memory, but one that cannot be proven. He felt that the spirit of the Israelites was still alive in modern Israel, instilling that belief in both his students and his colleagues. Today, our research paradigms may differ from those of Glueck’s day, but his enthusiasm and scholarly integrity remain with us always. The range of Glueck’s excavations speaks volume and will echo through the sands of time. He have certainly paved the way for Biblical archaeology to memmic and gave believers more resources to study outside of the Bible. Archaeology cannot be used to prove a Biblical account, however, it definitely can be used to assert the existence of a certain nation at the same time in history. Through Glueck work and the excavations performed by him, believers now have the abilty to research further and take a deep dive into a rich history. Conclusion Glueck work not only laid a strong foundation but it also paved the way in a since to how archaeology is an understatement, providing believers with a broader knowledge and understanding. Through human beings like Nelson Glueck, archaeology has emerged and will continue to grow in a positive way. The works of Glueck continue to ring true and set a precedent for research that every area on the face of the earth, be it outwardly ever so waste and empty, has a story behind it which the inquisitive sooner or later will attempt to obtain. Well put statement by Glueck himself in the relationship of the Bible to archaeology. He writes: â€Å"As a matter of fact, however, it may be stated categorically that no archaeological discovery has ever controverted a biblical reference. Scores of archaeological findings have been made which confirm to clear outline or in exact detail historical statements in the Bible.And by the same token, proper eval- uations of the biblical descriptions has often led to amazing discoveries. They form tesserae in the vast mosaic of the Bible’s almost incredible correct historical memory.† Glueck put his conviction into practice when he sought to locate King Solomons’s long-lost port city of Ezion-Geber. The memory of its location had been in Glueck words â€Å"snuffed out.† like the flame of a gutted candle.† Glueck began by consulting 1 Kings of the Bible that documented this site. The biblical statement said it was located beside Eloth, on the shore of the Red Sea in the land of Edom (1 Kings 9:26;10:22). The Bible served him as a guidebook in his explorations, and his explorations shed light on the Bible. An example we can all learn from. Not that he believed archaeology could or even should lend support to the supreme spiritual values and ethical norms which are native to the Bible. These have their own manifest value. Glueck patience and persistence in his work makes his discoveries and works worth remembering. His dedication and the contribution he has made to the field of archaeology is a valued resource for believer and future archaeologist. The Bible is the inspired and accurate Word of God and God often confirm His Word through mankind. Therefore, we should compare the Scriptural records against the archeological discoveries uncovered at these sites where many of these thrilling events of the Bible actually occurred. The results of these detailed investigations are available for all to examine. Bibliography The Nelson Glueck School of Archaeology, â€Å"Our founder: Nelson Glueck (1900-1971)†, The Nelson Glueck School of Biblical Archaeology (2010), (accessed October 8, 2018). Albright, William F. â€Å"Nelson Glueck in Memoriam.† Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. 202 (1971): 2-1. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1356266. (accessed October 8, 2018). Glueck, Nelson. 1961. â€Å"The archaeological history of the Negev.† Hebrew Union College Annual 32, 11-18. ATLASerials, Religion Collection, EBSCOhost (accessed October 8, 2018) Ezion-Geber Nelson Glueck Excavations at Tell el-Kheleifeh 1965 AD, http://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber- nelson-gluecks-tell-el-kheleifeh-1965ad.htm (accessed October 8, 2018). Solomon’s Fortress at Elat, Aqaba: Tell El-kheleifeh and Jezirit, http://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-route-ezion-geber-elat-aq (accessed October 8, 2018). Pratico, Gary D. â€Å"Nelson Glueck’s 1938-1940 Excavations at Tell El-Kheleifeh: A Reappraisal.† Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, no. 259 (1985): 1-32. doi:10.2307/1356795. (accessed October 8, 2018). Nelson Glueck’s 1938-1940 Excavations At Tell El-kheleifeh .., http://www.bible.ca/archeology/bible-archeology-exodus-kadesh-barnea-ezion-geber- Nelson-gluecks-1938-1940-excavations-tell-el-kheleifeh-reappraisal-gary-pratico (accessed October 8, 2018). Uncovering The Secrets Of Kahn, Da Vinci And Solomon’s .., http://www.voiceofsandiego.org/topics/science-environment/uncovering-the-secrets (accessed October 8, 2018). King Solomon’s (copper) Mines? – University Of California .., http://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/archive/newsrel/soc/10-22KingSolomon.asp (accessed October 8, 2018). Nelson Glueck, Rivers in the Desert. Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, New York, Grove Press, 1960, p. 31 Price, J. Randall. The Stones Cry Out: What Archaeology Reveals About the Truth of the Bible. Eugene, Oreg.: Harvest House, 1997. How to cite Nelson Glueck, Papers

Running Head DURATION OF ICON Essays - Mental Processes, Memory

Running head: DURATION OF ICON How Much Information Will an Individual Store in His or Her Iconic Memory? Evelyn Delgado Queens College/ CUNY How much information will an individual store in his or her iconic memory? In a given time, individuals are able to perceive more information than they can verbally encode. This is the process by which a visual stimulus is transformed to neurons to enable the brain to store information in the immediate memory. The rate of transfer is how fast an individual can encode something in a given time, which is stored in the immediate or short-term memory. It is stated that visual input can be stored in some medium, that later will be recalled. When the duration of the stimulus is limited, information is not properly encoded from a stimulus to a verbal code and it is lost from immediate memory. This is a cognitive process. The term "icon" was introduced by Neisser (1967) to refer to the brief persistence of information from a visual display after the "display" is no longer present. Early experimenters, such as Erdman and Dodge (1898), had been concerned with this phenomenon and asked how much information could be acquired at a single fixation reading. The typical finding from briefly presenting a set of letters and having the subjects report as many letters as possible (full-report) was that the perceptual span was 4 to 5 letters. In replicating Sperling's experiment we hope to see why iconic memory as well as duration recall is limited. He has shown that the duration of an icon has to do with the ability of an individual to encode the visual information. One limitation to the study of the icon is, its very brief duration. As individuals begin reporting the contents of the icon, it is already disappearing. Sperling invented the partial-report technique to overcome this difficulty. His third experiment is being replicated to understand the problem at hand. He used manipulations to control the rate at which information is verbally coded as well as the span of apprehension (memory). Consequently increasing the ability of subjects to report more of the information available to them. Sperling's test presented a 3 x 3 matrix of letters, flashed for 50 milli-seconds (msec.). Instead of using the full-report method of previous studies (report as much as you can of the whole display), he used a new partial-report method. In his within subjects study, participants saw the display of letters, and then heard a tone that was high-pitched, medium-pitched or low-pitched. The high-pitched tone indicated to report the top line of the display. The medium tone indicated to report the middle line of the display. The low tone indicated to report the bottom line of the display. According to Sperling's research, individuals were able to report 80% of the letters on a line, if the tone was sounded just before the letters were presented. That drops only slightly, to about 75% when the tone immediately follows the letters. Sperling's experiment showed that the limit in report of letters from a brief visual display was due to a rapid decay of the icon. The longer the icon or stimulus is present the more information one can encode and therefore recall. Limited duration recall is due to the rate of decay of the icon. The longer an individual waits to recall a given stimulus the less he or she can recall. When knowing the duration and the capacity of the visual sensory register one can, to a point, determine if the subject have a better chance of remembering certain in formation of any visual stimulus. Method Participants Sixteen Experimental Psychology students from Queens College participated in the experiment to meet a course requirement. The mean age was 22.61 years with a standard deviation of 2.89. The mean years of education were 15.44 with a standard deviation of 0.98. Material & Apparatus The experiment was conducted with 16 MEL Lab manuals as well as formatted 3.5" disks MEL Lab. The experiments were run in MS-DOS mode; on 16 different IBM compatible computers with Microsoft Windows 95 program that are kept in the Psychology laboratory at Queens College. Experimental Design The independent variable was the delay of instruction tone. The delay occurred in three intervals or levels of

The Raft of the Medusa versus the Gulf Stream

The Raft of the Medusa versus the Gulf Stream Introduction Painting artists use different artistic styles and colors to portray the impression of their drawings. The painting of The Raft of the Medusa by Theodore Gericault, a French painter emotionally portrays the survival and hardships experiences of the passengers in a raft, who survived the sinking of the French ship, La Medusa.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Raft of the Medusa versus the Gulf Stream specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Gulf Stream painting by the American artist, Winslow Homer, depicts a man struggling amidst strong waves of the sea in a small fishing boat. This essay is going to compare and contrast the two paintings: The Raft of the Medusa and The Gulf Stream in relation to romanticism and impressionism ages. Comparison The similarity of the two paintings literally depicts people struggling for their lives amidst strong waves in the sea. In The Raft of the Medusa, the passengers who had survived the sinking of their ship are crowded on the raft. After the sinking of their ship, many people sunk and died leaving only few people as survivors. The survivors endured severed hardships of starvation and cannibalism for thirteen days in the Atlantic sea before the rescue. In comparison, The Gulf Stream painting shows a man on a small fishing boat in the sea full of hurricane waves as he struggle helplessly awaiting rescue. Both this paintings shows an element of romanticism because they elicit emotional response in the viewers. Romanticism The Raft of the Medusa is a romantic art due to its emotional depiction. The painting portrays the tragic accident in the sea according to the perception of the artist. The artistic freedom of imagination and fantasy of the tragic accident shows romanticism. In romanticism, the artist has freedom to paint adventurous and fantastic events to depict emotions. The artist uses dull and dark colors like browns, black and deep red to depi ct the solemn scene of accident. To avoid distraction of the viewers to specific details, the artist used short brush strokes together with the light and shades to portray clearly the figures in the entire painting. The Raft of the Medusa portrays the ideals of the romanticism and this has made it be considered as a romantic icon. Impressionism Although The Gulf Steam portrays the elements of the romantic art, its painting styles is based on the impressionistic art. Impressionistic art focuses on creating an impression by use of bright water paints on specific objects. The Gulf Steam ignores other background information but focuses on the man in the small boat and the sea waves.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Impression arts are characterized by the use of bright paint strokes and the light reflection of the watercolors. Impressionists seek to attract the attention of the viewer to the subject rather than to the details. The Gulf Steam is an impressionistic art because of the use of bright watercolors and the impression focuses only on one subject. Conclusion Artists can use romanticism and impressionism in the depiction of their drawing depending on the impact they want to pass onto the viewers. Romanticism entails emotional depiction of the details in tragic events like The Raft of the Medusa while impressionism involves focusing of the main subject of the painting and neglecting the background information as in The Gulf Steam. Although impressionism and romanticism differ, both are necessary in a painting to give the desired and vivid impression to the viewers.

Compressed Natural Gas Conversion Companies

Compressed Natural Gas Conversion Companies Continued high gas prices have increased interest in compressed natural gas conversion kits and installation. There are a number of considerations before making the decision to convert your vehicle. However, if you plan to make the switch, the following is a list of companies providing kits and/or installation for CNG conversion. The following information (presented alphabetically) is an update to an earlier version of this list. These are the companies weve found that currently sell and/or install CNG conversion kits. CNG Conversion Companies A-1 Alternative Fuel Systems claims to have all thats necessary to convert your vehicle to CNG. They are based in Fresno, Calif. For more information, visit A-1 Alternative Fuel Systems. Agility Fuel Systems provides engines and conversion kits that are both EPA- and CARB-certified. They have products available for most GM and Ford vehicles. Visit Agility Fuel Systems to learn more. Alternative Fuel Systems of St. Louis specializes in CNG and LP vehicle conversions and compression systems. Learn more at Alternative Fuel Systems of St. Louis. BAF Technologies Inc. is a subsidiary of Clean Energy Company. Its alternative fuel vehicle upfitting capabilities include aftermarket CNG conversions of Ford-manufactured vans, cutaway shuttles, taxis, pick-ups, and light-duty trucks. Learn more at BAF Technologies. Baker Equipment is based in Richmond, Va., and converts OEM gasoline engines to run on CNG, offering sales, installation, and services throughout the eastern US. Learn more at Baker Equipment. Clean Fuel converts fleet and personal vehicles to run on CNG, specializing in EPA-certified conversions for sedans and light-duty pick-up trucks and vans. It operates conversion facilities in Texas and Oklahoma. Learn more at Clean Fuel. CNG Interstate notes that its compressed natural gas systems are aftermarket performance parts and do not change your vehicle’s current fuel injection system nor do they tamper with the Federal Emission Standards. CNG Interstate must equip your vehicle with your new kit. For more information, visit them at CNG Interstate. Energy and Water Solutions offers two types of conversion kits for gasoline engines and a low-cost kit for diesel engines. Find out more at Energy and Water Solutions. Environmental Vehicle Outfitters designs and installs alternative fuel systems for fleet and consumer cars, SUVs and trucks. Based in Marina del Rey, Calif., you can find more information at Environmental Vehicle Outfitters. FuelTek Conversion Corporations core business is the conversion of on- and off-road vehicles to CNG or LPG vehicles. Although located in the Denver metro area, they work with a network of providers in a number of states. Learn more at FuelTek Conversion Corp. Hendrix Industrial Gastrux provides EPA-certified conversion kits for a number of vehicles. They do not offer do-it-yourself kits; conversions must be done at their facility. Learn more at Hendrix. IMPCO Technologies is a business unit of Fuel System Solutions, Inc. and designs, manufactures, and supplies alternative fuel components and systems. For a full line of products and services available, visit IMPCO Automotive. Landi Renzo USA has acquired Baytech Corporation and now offers a dedicated CNG kit for GM 6.0L and 8.1L engines, as well as the Ford 5.4L engine. The company installs, calibrates, and provides extended service for its EPA and CARB certified systems. Learn more at Landi Renzo. NatGasCar Company has introduced a Dodge Ram 4.7L Conversion System, beginning with the 2010 model. To learn more, visit NatGasCar Company. NaturalDrive operates in Arizona and offers OEM-style retrofits with no underhood wiring modifications. They partner with a number of automotive facilities to offer CNG retrofits and warranty service in several states. Learn more at NaturalDrive. Omnitek Advanced Technologies offers proprietary technology for converting diesel engines to natural gas. The company says it has 5,000 systems installed worldwide. Visit Omnitek Engineering, Corp. for more information. Productive Concepts International is based in Union City, Ind., and claims to be the only high-volume production line in the US capable of almost any alternative fuels conversion, including CNG. For more information, go to PCIs website. Phoenix Energy Corporation offers CNG conversion, installation, and refueling equipment in Alabama and surrounding states. They are a registered contractor for the federal government. For more information, visit Phoenix Energy Corp. RGR Alternative Fuels is a Nevada-based certified dealer and installer of EPA-certified bi-fuel CNG conversion systems. For more, visit RGR Alternative Fuels. Thigpen Energy Services, LLC provides CNG conversion services. Learn more about this Texas-based company at Thigpen Energy Services.

Method Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Method - Essay Example All participants were working at least part-time jobs, and had completed high school. The informed consent form will be read out loud to each participant, as well as being printed in English. All participants shall be assured of their rights to confidentiality, anonymity, and voluntary withdrawal without penalty. It was emphasized to the participants that no personal information would connect them with their responses, as code numbers would be used to de-identify all information that they provided. When each participant acknowledges that they understand the requirements of them in the study they will be asked to sign the consent form. Two booklets were designed for this study. A variety of media pertaining to the "Oklahoma Bombing" in 1995 (i.e., a "Political Terror Act"), and the 9/11 attack on the World Trade Center in 2001 (i.e., a "Religious Terror Act") were presented in either of an 8-page booklet. Each booklet presented media materials which emphasized the act as either "political" or "religious" in the text of the articles (e.g., "Terrorism and Religion" Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, Vol. 20, November 2001).

Article Analysis Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Article Analysis Assignment - Essay Example The health insurance has really helped people in settling the hospital bills and they are somehow economical. However, when adopting an insurance cover all the aspects need to be considered so as to ensure both efficiency and effectiveness as the document discusses. The document analyzes an article that argues that the publicly insured Americans have somewhat poorer lung transplantation survival as opposed to the UK patients. Approximately 30000 Americans suffer from cystic fibrous (CF) which is an inherited condition. The condition makes the digestive system and the lungs to be blocked with thick and mucus. People suffering from CF tend to experience severe malnutrition, long infections, breathing difficulties and premature deaths. Some CF cases are treatable with just anti-inflammatory drugs and other medicines. However, at the condition’s advanced levels patients may be required to undergo the lung transplantation process. According to Dr. Shah, senior investigator, lung transplantation is one of the complex procedures carried out today. It requires wealth of resources as well as careful long-term management by a number of specialists (Whiteman, 2015). The study assessed the survival of patients suffering from CF in UK and USA who are covered by public insurance of these two respective nations. NHS is the British public insurance while in America Medicare and Medicaid are the effective public insurance. The study involved 2307 both British and American CF patients aged 12 years or older who underwent either the lung transplant or combined heart-lung transplant between the years 2000 and 2011. The study revealed that the British publicly insured patients had approximate survival of 8.1 years as opposed to their American counterparts who had an average of 4.7 years (Whiteman, 2015). The American patients who were privately insured also had poorer outcomes with an approximate survival of 7.9 years. It is worth

Big Game Hunting Should be Allowed :: Benefits of Hunting

When a Minnesota dentist killed a prized African lion named "Cecil" he received an onslaught of criticism and reignited the debate concerning big game hunting.  Is big game hunting wrong? Should big game hunting continue? Big game hunting has been a very controversial topic for some time and these types of questions are being asked daily. There are a lot of people for it and a lot of people against it. This issue causes a lot of extreme behaviors and ideas by both sides. Those who oppose it believe it to be morally wrong, unfair to the animals and damaging to the environment. Those individuals for it believe that it is the citizens' rights and a way to be involved in the environment. Hunting is the law and shall not be infringed upon. In defense of the hunters' I believe that there are five main issues of concern. The first big issue concerning big game hunting is that it is considered to be the citizens' rights. Anti-hunters would believe that there is no right for anyone to take the life of another living creature. It would be morally wrong. The thought of going out and killing an animal for fun is just appalling to these individuals. Maybe they believe hunters will rear a generation of killers. They would argue that there are many other things in this world that could bring that sort of excitement to a person. The right to hunt is the law. The twenty-ninth Article states, "...securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others..." If this is the law then it can not be infringed. With this there really is no question of big game hunting. These rights are personal rights of the citizens of the United States. Parents can choose what they want for there own children and let them do what they desire, and if that desire is hunting then let it be. When other people who oppose hunting try and stop this freedom then they are the ones at fault and are doing wrong by infringing on the rights of others. These actions are illegal and should be taken care of. In C M Dixon's article, "The Banning of Hunting is an Affront to Freedom," he stated that, "He has never heard of hunters violating the just requirements of public order or general welfare" (2). From the hunting experiences that I have had I agree with this statement one hundred percent.

Portfolio Tasks Architecture History

Cam McBride History Reflect on your understanding of the concept of ‘history'. Has this changed in the first three weeks of the course? If so, how? If not, how did you come to your present understanding of how history works? Discuss at least two of the following: ‘cultural change'; the ‘Great Men' theory of history; historicism; and historical materialism History is all around us, everywhere; every moment in time can be documented as a piece of history. This does not amount to how small the action was, or how long it took, it is all history.The greater the effect on a race or culture the longer the moment stays with us and is documented through time. This is called Historicism. For example one of the major moments in the last 10 years would be 9/1 1; although this did not affect us directly the amount of information and documentation of this event was vast, branching out to all nations. How long will this moment last in history books; will they remember this moment in 100 years? Will it stand the test of time?Something on a smaller scale may last longer, like inventions; things we still use to this day are a constant reminder of their history and where they came from. All people have a different timeline on history, some will gather information and not find it necessary or important, it hasn't affected them so it is not a major event in history for them. For example; the Christopher earthquake is a huge moment in history for us; it has changed our lives and things will never be the same, but for someone in Denmark, the other side of the world, this is an almost irrelevant happening and a miniscule piece of information.They might have seen a 2-minute clip on the news and this piece of history will not stay with them. Therefore history is our own little inline of importance; although we may have the same events, they occur in different orders and rankings depending on the culture that surrounds you. There may even be a completely different timel ine for someone else. None of it matters because history is what is relevant to you. History is usually confined to one particular moment, giving one-person credit, securing their place in the historic books.This in fact isn't true; not one great man creates history; there is always an underlying history behind history. For example; one great man did not invent the telescope. This is the typical route of invention, one hat takes an idea from an already existing item and develops it, improves it and claims it as their own. This idea is not always true. Inventions had to start somewhere, usually occurring when something is needed to make a task easier. All inventions start somewhere, but very few people create something out of nothing.And the struggle of being the first is always a factor, to keep your development a secret until perfected enough to show to the public, and by then someone else may have beaten you to it. It is not the great man who creates historic moments; it is the im portance, need and reasons for the acts to take place. By Cam McBride Portfolio Task 2 – Cam McBride Ancient Rome Discuss the links between Ancient Rome and the United States of America in terms of at least two of the following: architecture; political organization; ideology; and empire.Ancient Rome is a very solid base in the world of architecture; perfecting concrete, having large structures, and using original techniques developed by themselves. America being America, in my eyes initially took on one of the largest colonies to try and improve their work, be bolder, bigger and better. Ancient Rome used large columns including steps leading upward giving a sense of importance, much like the Greeks. This was seen throughout their government buildings and town centers. America's important buildings are very similar in this way, especially in their political scene.For example the Washington White House includes steps up to columns spread across the front facade. Also including a central dome, which the Romans invented and used often, giving a large open central focus to the building. Architecture is a big part of both cultures and is seen as a dominant force, controlling perspectives of power over the people. America is seen as the most powerful nation in the world currently, as ancient Rome once was; this is perceived and reinforced wrought their style of architecture.Architecture and buildings are constantly changing over time but the base link to Rome is still there, the impression of power is still there, creating large buildings in bare surroundings, statues, and rare materials. This shows the obvious link to Roman architecture that still remains in our cultures, not only in America but all around the world. Another parallel between Roman culture and American culture is the appropriation of services, or political management.Creating a safe environment for the people was essential for the Romans and America have adopted this style of giving private ra ciest power and responsibility of taking care of their own. This in fact meaner that there is no distinction between public and private responsibility, in turn creating corruption amongst the people [ (Spangles, 2011)]. Having private organizations try to solve and maintain many of the public services is a bad idea, things become hazy, overlapping from service to service, this may be a solution for the short term but in the long term, much like the Roman society, the consequences are huge.They may not have an option at this stage but in my eyes, a modern society like America should eve the brains, the money and the manpower to solve issues, unlike Rome. Tasks like collecting taxes, patrolling the streets and borders were once seen as a public task [ (Spangles, 2011) America has changed this and the benefits don't seem to outweigh the negatives, how much time will pass before the public rise up against and destroy a perfectly capable nation, much like Europe is currently experiencing .Portfolio Task 3 – Cam McBride The Medieval World In what ways is this representative of the medieval world-view? The Chartres cathedral, also known, as the ‘Gothic Cathedral' is one of the finest hurries in France, renowned for it's beautiful architecture and is a milestone in the growth of western civilization, the birth of a new era [ (Chartres Cathedral, ND) Very quickly dozens of churches appeared using this style, it became prolific, which suggests that in some ways it was a reflection of the medieval world.The gothic style in general was very innovative and was a strong depiction of the medieval ages. The structure was made to incorporate room for large stained glass windows on the outer walls; achieved by diverting the roof weight toward centre columns, which, in plan IEEE depicted the symbol of Christianity, the cross. Thus heading away from the usual cold dark interiors the churches would posses. The big rose windows are a huge part of the style and helped em phasize the height and structure of the buildings.Pointed towers and slender spires surround the building giving it a very medieval characteristic and again adding the essential height factor. The structure, the decoration and of course the function reveals the understanding of the medieval middle ages [ (University, ND) This building is a representation of the medieval worldview as it was a time when here were huge variations of beliefs, at one end of the scale, rationalism, requiring logical or scientific proof for some to truly believe a statement.On the other end of the scale, the extremists, total rejection of reason and solely relying on faith to get them through [ (Valorous, 2000)]. This wide range of beliefs tore people apart and gave them something to be separated by and argue about. The one thing that did not change was their belief in God. Churches were a place were everyone had common ground, the existence of God was certain, no science was needed to prove it, although m om felt the need to prove their beliefs rationally rather than going on blind faith of what has been said to them.This giving the church a huge significance in the medieval world view as it was the central core to society, no matter how different the views of people were within the society, God remained the same, a higher power that indeed needed to be worshiped and noticed by all. Portfolio Task 4 – Cam McBride Option 2 Using the two readings below, explain what materials and technology were used in ancient Greek architectural design. The vast majority of materials used in ancient Greek architecture were based upon mingle strong and sturdy natural elements.Structural elements such as columns were initially created from timbers, one of the easiest natural materials to gather and reform to a building material. Stone soon began to replace timber, mainly for its structural elements but also, its dependability seemed to suit the perception of their immortal gods that they all wor ship. This was entirely appropriate due to the fact the temples were being built as a representation of the gods (Hemingway, 2003). The switch to stone made a big difference to how the buildings looked.As there was a retreat increase in weight, the columns and support beams had to be closer together, this gave it a more solid, heavy look. This also occurred in the roof pitch. Initially they used lighter roofing materials allowing for a steeper pitch, but the introduction and translation into stone meant they started using a range of terracotta tiles which added a tremendous amount of additional weight, decreasing this pitch vastly [ (Odyssey, Adventures in Archaeology, 2012) Obtaining the stone such as marble and limestone was the biggest task of creating an ancient Greek temple.It was expensive and preparation time was extensive (Peck 2005). In summary I would suggest that it wasn't the most practical building material in some cases, but it was the image it needed to portray, the a rchitecture had to represent strength, power and above all immortality. Large masses of stone were indeed the key to this depiction. The technology used in ancient Greek architecture was hugely advanced by ingenious inventions that aided them in constructing bigger and better structures.Some of the tools the Greeks invented are still used to this day, although they have been developed further, in reality they are the same concept and are used for the name tasks. For example the pulley systems used by their wooden cranes; this creation advanced them immensely, previously using ramps and sleds that took a huge amount of preparation and materials (Peck, 2005). The ancient Greeks, like today, would hire specific workmen to build wooden scaffolding around the workouts.Scaffolding was essential in erecting statues, laying roofing tiles and hoisting stone. These systems became common practice and were notably developed to a stage were they were know for their precision and excellence in wo rkmanship [ (Hemingway, 003) The tools used by early architects are still used on the building site today, squares, plum bobs, levels and hammers were all part of the technological growth they played such a huge part in.The Greeks were leaders in the field of architecture, not only playing a massive role in the development of styles, systems and technology, but portraying the meaning and purpose of a building through the use of scale, materials and placement. All these elements are used today, but in some cases, the ancient Greeks used them more effectively. Works Cited Chartres Cathedral. (ND). The Cathedral of Chartres. Retrieved May 18, 2013, from Chartres Cathedral: http://www. Characteristically. Net/ Hemingway, C. (2003, October). Architecture in Ancient Greece.

Literature Review Postpartum Depression Essay - 1652 Words

Literature Review Postpartum Depression Mothers who have brought into this world a blessing have been preparing themselves for a big change in their life. They have been learning and educating themselves about how to be a good mother. Many mothers find it really hard to transition from being an independent woman without children to becoming a mother (Corrigan, Kwasky, Groh, 2015). Adapting to motherhood can be a drastic change, and usually creates challenges that lead to feeling overwhelmed (Leger Letourneau, 2015). When a newly mother begins experiencing stress or becomes emotional then there can be a possibility that they can encounter Postpartum Depression (Leger et al., 2015). Postpartum depression can be seen and experienced in many different ways, it all varies on every mother (Corrigan et al., 2015). Many different mental health issues can be seen including baby blues, postpartum depression, postpartum obsessive-compulsive disorder, and the most serious, postpartum psychosis (Tam Leslie, 2001). The Baby Blues In Mothers Postpartum Depression is a mental health issue that affects many women when they deliver their baby (Leger et al., 2015). Postpartum depression can be stopped when mothers notice the beginning symptoms called Baby Blues (Tam et al., 2001). Baby blues are usually shown on the third or fourth day of having your child (Tam et al., 2001). Some of the symptoms with Baby blues include feeling slight weepiness, short temper, and in a depressed moodShow MoreRelatedPostpartum Depression : Causes And Effects1450 Words   |  6 Pages Postpartum Depression in Rural U.S Communities Amanda L. Ruiz Widener University Overview The overview of this article is postpartum depression in rural Unites States communities. 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